Laura Summers
譯者:黃聿君
(已絕版，out of print)
如果是我用別人的心臟繼續活著，我會如何與它相處? — -談談器官捐贈
以下將介紹台灣、日本的器官捐贈相關法條，由於本書為接受亡者的器官，所以我也只分享關於摘取屍體器官的部分。
醫師自屍體摘取器官施行移植手術，必須在器官捐贈者經其診治醫師判定
病人死亡後為之。
前項死亡以腦死判定者，應依中央衛生主管機關規定之程序為之。
前條死亡判定之醫師，不得參與摘取、移植手術。
醫師自屍體摘取器官，應符合下列規定之一：
一、經死者生前以書面或遺囑同意。
二、經死者最近親屬以書面同意。
前項第一款書面同意應包括意願人同意註記於全民健康保險憑證（以下稱
健保卡），其格式由中央主管機關定之；經意願人書面表示同意者，中央
主管機關應將其加註於健保卡，該意願註記之效力與該書面同意正本相同
。但意願人得隨時自行以書面撤回其意願之意思表示，並應通報中央主管
機關廢止該註記。
經註記於健保卡之器官捐贈意願，與意願人臨床醫療過程中明示之意思表
示不一致時，以意願人明示之意思表示為準。
第一項第一款書面同意，應由醫療機構或衛生機關以掃描電子檔存記於中
央主管機關之資料庫。
中央主管機關應責成中央健康保險署，並應會商戶政單位或監理單位對申
請或換發身分證、駕照或健保卡等證件之成年人，詢問其器官捐贈意願，
其意願註記及撤回依第二項至第四項規定辦理。』
判例引用:
臺灣彰化地方法院 108 年交簡字第 1656 號刑事判決 判決程序主文第一條
臺灣高等法院 107 年交上易字第 417 號刑事判決 判決程序主文第一條
推薦書籍:侯文詠 — 我的天才夢
日本器官捐贈法:
在日本，器官捐贈已實施超過十年，但卻只有極少數的案例。因為日本規定只有心臟停止才算是死亡，因此日本是世界上少數認為「腦死不等於死亡的國家」。
而判定腦死則是要「有意願進行器官捐贈」才會進行判定，若無意願則不會有腦死判定的程序，因此家屬也很難做出是否捐贈的決定(當病人生前未留有任何有捐贈意願的書面文件)。也就是，只有在器乖捐贈被同意的前提下，「腦死才會被判定為死亡」。
建議書籍:東野圭吾 — 沉睡的人魚之家
其實法條背後都還有宗教、傳統等等的非理性的情感因素存在，也因此在捐贈前仍會發生家屬反悔的狀況，不過這些醫生們都會給予諒解，畢竟躺在床上的，不是一個提供器官的機器，他曾經是個人，一個活生生在地球上呼吸的人。
是否簽署器官捐贈並無正確答案，捐贈後亡者身體的其中一部份可以在世界上繼續跳動、運作；若是不捐贈也無妨，讓自己完整的離開這個世界也是一種選擇。
The arguments of the organ donation.
This part we are going to share the laws of organ donation of Taiwan and Japan.
While this Becky was donated by the deceased, we would only talk about the donation from someone has gone of the laws on Taiwan.
Taiwan:
According to the Human Organ Transplant Act of Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China, the article 4,5,6 introduced the regulations of deceased organ donation.
Article 4
When performing a transplant operation by removing an organ from a corpse, the organ donor shall be certified dead by his/her attending physician before the operation can be performed.
If the donor is certified as being dead due to brain death, the procedures prescribed by the central competent health authority shall apply.
Article 5
The physician certifying the death as mentioned in the previous Article shall not be involved in removing an organ or in the transplant operation.
Article 6
One of the following criteria shall be met before a physician can remove an organ from a corpse:
(1) The deceased has consented in writing or in a will before death.
(2) The deceased’s next of kin has consented in writing.
The consent as mentioned in Item 1 of the previous paragraph shall include the person’s written consent in the national health insurance document (the “NHI Card” hereinafter), in the format specified by the central competent authority. The central competent authority shall make a remark on his/her NHI Card once written consent is obtained. The remark shall have the same effect as the original written consent. However, at any time the consenter may withdraw his/her consent in writing and shall request the central competent authority for cancellation of the remark.
Should the remark on the NHI Card be different from the expressive organ donation willingness during the clinical treatment process, the later shall prevail.
The medical care institution or the health authority shall scan the written consent mentioned in Item 1 of Paragraph 1 and preserve the electronic file in the central competent authority’s database.
The central competent authority shall command the National Health Insurance Administration to take charge. The Administration, the household offices and the motor vehicle supervision offices shall work together and enquire the adults coming forward for applying for or replacing identity card, driver license or NHI Card about their willingness of organ donation. The willingness remark and cancellation procedure shall be done in accordance with the provisions of Paragraphs 2 to 4.
Recommended book: Dr. Hou Wen Yong — 我的天才夢
As for the laws of Japan, there is a different conception from Taiwan. The definition of ‘’Brain Death’’ is not equal to ‘’Death’’ in Japan, they consider that only the family agree to start the donation, the judgement of ‘’Brain Death’’ can be agreed as ‘’Death’’.
Hence, the rate of organ donation in Japan is low after 10 years the regulation was released as many family could not assure whether their beloveds were dead or not without the agreement of organ donation to conduct the judgment of ‘’ Brain Death’’.
Re commended book: Higashino Keigo — The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps.
Sometimes there are still some cases that the family regret to donate the organ, but the doctors would have empathy to them. Because the person who lying on the bed was also an alive humankind who once has had breath and energy in the world.
Whereas there is no correct answer of whether agreeing the donation. You can donate one part of your body in the world and help others’ live alive ; it is OK not to donate your organ as you want to leave the world with a perfectly body.
