從物力到物律，技術設計與人類行為 The use of things to being ruled by things. Designs of artifacts and human behavior.
10/13 講者:洪靖 荷蘭湍特大學技術哲學博士
Jin Hong Doctor of Philosophy of Technology of University Twente
生活中我們所見所用，很多都是技術物，而我們有想過這些技術物的背後設計者，是隱含何種用意?設計者希望透過這個技術物達成何種目的?因此洪靖將告訴我們生活中記述物所擁有得政治性與道德性，以及其衍生出的行為嚮導技術的設計會遇到的難題。
技術物有道德嗎?
人要有道德，但技術物也可以談道德嗎?因為「技術」本身可以作為一個中介，連結人與環境，並且技術物本身也涵蓋「物質化道德」與「道德化技術」。
首先是技術的道德力，以產檢超音波為例，在尚未出現超音波產檢前，醫生只能透過母親的感受去判斷胎兒的狀況，因此母親的腳色很重要；但使用超音波檢後，醫生可以直接自己判斷，但也因為超音波照片的產出，讓父母與嬰兒連結更加強烈，因為可以直接看到胎兒，若是在墮胎這類情況，是否會加強道德性，使的在必要墮胎時有掙扎與困難，所以超音波的技術，讓生產倫理的道德出現了與以往不同的衝突。
接著為物的道德性，根據統計，在大型活動場合若提供塑膠杯，觀眾丟棄數量會比提供紙杯的少。洪靖說，因為這個杯子就像一個劇本，我們拿到後，自己編寫出「塑膠較不環保，因此不要頻繁丟棄」的劇本，也由此可知，「物」本身也可以賦予道德力。
所以下一篇，將介紹如何運用物的道德性發展行為嚮導技術，幫助人們做出對的事情。
Everything we use in life are all artifacts. While do we have considered that is there any purpose behind the artifacts and whether the artifacts pass the purpose to users as their designs want initially. That is, the Hong was coming to tell us the morality and political of the artifacts and the difficulties when designing the behavior steering technology.
Do artifacts have morality?
For instance, the ultrasound inspection technology of checking the baby inside the womb has changed the way the doctor’s judgement. As we often rely on the pregnancy women’s felling to judge the health condition of the baby, we now can see the baby directly. But the technology also brought some concerns about abortion because parents would have stringer connection to the baby through the ultrasound photos. It might make the issue of abortion more complex.
According to the statistics, people often do not throw the plastic cup rather than the paper one when finishing the drink. It comes to a scrip, told by the Hong, that we think it is recyclable if we save the plastic cup; the paper one is more earth protective that it may not has such great effects as the plastics. Hence, we can learn that the artifacts also can be given the morality.
And we are going to introduce how experts use the behavior steering technology to have people do right things.
